Engine



June 17, 1930. I

F. F. FINCH 1,763,959

ENGIfiE Filed March 26, 1928 3 I I 1 l5 1 INVENTOR.

F250 /-7 fizvcu.

' ATTORNEYS.

Patented June 17, 1930 UNETED STATES FRED F. FINCI-I, OF SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA ENGINE Application filed. March 26, 1928.

My invention relates to improvements in engines, and it consists in the combinations, constructions, and arrangements hereinafter described and claimed.

An object of my invention is to provide an engine in which the customary piston is inverted and the explosion of the gas takes place within the interior of the piston. A novel water jacket is provided for cooling the inside and outside of the piston.

The invention further contemplates the use of the two-cycle principle in engines, and makes use of a novel means for scavenging the interior of the piston when it is near its lowermost position, injecting a new supply of fuel, such as gas, into the piston when it is at its lowermost position, compressing this gas as the piston moves upwardly and exploding this gas at the instant the piston starts on its down stroke. The explosion can be effected by means of a spark plug, or the engine can work in the same manner as a Diesel engine. Moreover, the new gas admitted to the piston can be taken from the crank case, which is the usual construction.

in a two-cycle engine, or it may be admitted from a source lying exterior of the engine.

Although I have shown only one cylinder.

it is obvious that as many cylinders as desired may be employed.

Other objects and advantages will appear in the following specification, and the novel features of my invention will be particularly pointed out in what I hereinafter claim.

My invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawing forming a part of this application, in which:

The figure shows a vertical section through the engine.

In carrying out my invention I provide an engine block 1 having a head 2 and a crank case 3. The block 1 and the head 2 are provided with a space 4 for receiving water, this space constituting a water jacket for the cylinders.

A piston 5 is slidably mounted in a cylinder 6, and this piston is inverted and has its closed end 7 disposed at the bottom of the cylinder and its open end extending upwardly. The apron or skirt 8 of the pis- Serial No. 264,873.

ton enters an annular recess 9. The water jacket surrounds the three walls forming this recess. In this way the inside and'outside of the piston is kept cool by the water jacket. The closed end 7 of the piston moves toward and away from a fixed firing head 10 during the operation of the engine.

The piston is provided with ports 11 in its skirt 8, through which the exhaust gases pass. It is further provided with ports 12 for receiving fresh air and with ports 13 for receiving a new charge of gas. The ports 12 and 13 are disposed adjacent to each other and near the closed end 7 of the piston. The ports 11 communicate with passageways 14, which in turn communicate with the atmosphere. In like manner the ports 12 communicate with air pipes 16 and the air in these pipes is controlled by valves 17. The valves 17 areoperatively connected to a crank 18 in a manner to correctly timev the operation of the valves. Pipes 19 com municate with the ports 13 during a portion of the stroke of the piston and these pipes lead from a carburetor, not shown.

From the foregoing description of the various parts of the device, the operation thereof may readily be understood.

Vater is kept in circulation throughout the water acket by means of an inlet pipe 20 and an outlet pipe 21. It should be noted that the water jacket extends to the very bottom of the cylinder.

Assume that the piston is in the position shown and that it has received its charge of new gas through the port 13 and isready to start on its compression stroke. The new gas or fuel admitted to the engine is rich enough to permit a slight exhausting of the air through the large exhaust ports 11- on the initial upward movement of the piston and after the ports 13 have been closed and prior to the complete closing of ports 11. The up stroke of the piston will cause the port 12 to register with the pipe 16, but the valve 17 will be closed as shown and no air will enter. The spark plug 22 will ignite this gas after the piston has compressed it and started on its down stroke.

As soon as the piston on its downstroke terial.

reaches the position to align the ports 12 with the pipes 16, valves 17 will be open and air under pressure will be shot into the piston and will scavenge it of all burnt gases.

The ports 11 will be registering with the exhaust passageways 14, thus permitting the scavenged gas to be exhausted from the piston. A further movement downward of the piston will bring the ports 13 into registration with the pipes 19 carrying the new gas.

This gas will be injected into the piston un- .ciprocation of the piston.

The interior of the piston may be lined with a heat-resisting material 23 and the head 10 may also .be lined with the same ma- This material will confine the heat within the piston and will tend to prevent an enormous lossof heat, whichexists in practically all types of engines.

77 Although I have shown the ports 12 and 13 as being disposed one above the other-,I prefer in practice to dispose the openings 12 and the pipes 16 one-quarter of a circle further around the piston cylinder. A

Although I have shown and described one embodiment of my invention, it is to be understood that the same is susceptible of various changes and I reserve the right to employ such changes asmay come within the scope of the invention as claimed.

' I claim;

1. A two cycle engine comprising a cylinder having a head descending thereinto so as to form an annular recess with the same, an inverted piston having its skirt slidably mounted in the recess, said cylinder and piston havingexhaust ports disposed at thetop of the inverted piston and cylin-' der, air intake ports near the bottom of the piston and cylinder, and gas intake ports at the bottom of the piston and cylinder,

said ports being designed to register with each other during the movement of the 1ston,and valves cutting off the flow of air through the cylinder air ports on the compression stroke of the piston.

2. In an engine in which the explosion takes place Within the piston, a cylinder and a piston having exhaust ports disposed at the top of the inverted piston and cylinder, air intake ports near the bottomof the piston and cylinder, and gas intake ports at the bottom of the piston and cylinder, the

the air and gas ports in the piston successively register with their respective cylinder ports.

3. In an engine in which the explosion takes place within the piston, a cylinder and a piston having exhaust ports disposed at the top of the inverted piston and cylinder, air intake ports near the bottom of the piston and cylinder, and gas intake ports at the bottom of the piston and cylinder, the exhaust ports in the piston being larger than any of the other ports and registering with the exhaust ports in the cylinder while the air and gas ports in the piston successively "register with their respective cylinder ports, and valves for cutting off the flow of air in the cylinder air intake'ports during the compression stroke.

4. In a two cycle engine in which the compressing and exploding 0f the gas takes place within the piston, a cylinder and a piston having exhaust ports at the top of the piston and" cylinder, and air inlet ports near the bottom of the piston and cylinder, all of said ports being designed to register as the piston nears the end otits power stroke for scavenging the piston of burnt gases, said cylinder and piston having gas I intake ports at their bottoms designed to register after the air intake ports move out of alignment with each other at the comple tion of the power stroke, the exhaust ports in the piston being large enough to still register with the cylinder exhaust this part of the stroke.

5. In atwo cycle enginein which the compressing and exploding of the gas takes place within the piston, a cylinder and a piston having exhaust ports at the top of the piston and cylinder, and air inlet ports near-the bottom of the piston and cylinder, all of said ports being designed to register as the piston nears the end of its power stroke for scavenging the piston of burnt gases, said cylinder and piston having gas intake ports at .their bottoms designed to ports during register after the air intake ports move out of alignment with each other at the completion of the power stroke, the exhaust ports in the piston being large enough to still register with the cylinder exhaust ports during this part of the stroke, and valves for closing thecylinder air ports on the compression stroke of the piston.

FRED F. F INCH. 

